Estimating the Distribution of Income in the Northern Territory

Question: Examine about theEstimating the Distribution of Income in the Northern Territory. Anwer: Presentation: Pay conveyance is the fairness with which pay is managed out among individuals from a given society (Levy, 2008). For the most part, the salary conveyance of a general public falls among equivalent and inconsistent. The variety in salary is a typical element in all economies including that of the including that of the Northern Territory orNew Zealands North Island. People and family units will procure various earnings at some random point, prompting lopsided appropriation of incomes.typically, tThe salary contrasts are because of a few elements including singular decisions and individual attributes like insight, age, and decisions on makes as to work/life balance-just as legacies and openings. These individual contrasts along with the more extensive financial and strategy factors influence the circulation of pay additional time. An organization keen on assessing the circulation pay of the Northern Territory or of New Zealands North Island, won't just quantify and break down the conveyance salary, however will likewise investigate the disparity in livelihoods (Meagher Wilson, 2008). This paper decides how an organization can decide the dissemination salary at both the individual and the family unit level of the Northern Territory or of New Zealands North Island over a given timeframe. In fact, the organization ought to investigate the distributional changes along with the adjustments in proportions of salary lopsidedness, similar to the Gini coefficient (World Bank, 2012). In like manner, the development way to deal with pay can be utilized, first exploring the individual pay followed by the family unit salary. This encourage the following of persuasive perspectives, for example, singular returns got from partaking in the workforce, over the family unit salary ordinarily influenced by a more prominent arrangement of government strategy, social, and segment factors (Greenville, Pobke and Rogers, 2013). In this manner, the organization can investigate in detail the dissemination of pay from numerous significant sources and sub-areas of the populace, with a particular spotlight on working hours, business types, moves and charges, time-based compensations, and family individuals. Figure 1: The Buildup Approach Income Source: Greenville, Pobke Rogers (2013) Figure 1 shows the populaces sub-segments and the pay sources that the organization can look at. The development approach additionally helps with giving bits of knowledge into the adjustments in outline dissemination like the generally acknowledged Gini coefficient. Additionally, this methodology likewise portrays the need for perception when dealing with assessments dependent on synopsis proportions of this nature. The organization estimation can use information from the Household Expenditure Surveys (HESs) of the Australian Bureau of Statistics, created inside the year. The subsequent estimation, accordingly, will be restricted to that particular time span and will be reliant on the particular components of the underlying and shutting focuses, similar to the overall socioeconomics, social and financial conditions. HES envelop information on aberrant and direct government charges and moves, making it a dependable wellspring of information in looking at the different parts of pay in detail. References Greenville, J., Pobke, C. what's more, Rogers, N., 2013.Trends in the Distribution of Income in Australia. Melbourne: Productivity Commission. Toll, F., 2008. Circulation of salary (second Ed).The fortune reference book of financial matters, pp.177-183. Meagher, G. what's more, Wilson, S., 2008. More extravagant, yet progressively inconsistent: Perceptions of disparity in Australia 1987-2005, Journal of Australian Political Economy, issue 61, pp. 22043. World Bank, 2012. GINI Index, World Development Indicators, https://data.worldbank.org/pointer/SI.POV.GINI (got to 21 August 2012).

Entrepreneurship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Enterprise - Research Paper Example Social business people don't surrender everything over to the administration; rather they attempt themselves to deal with the issues in the most proficient way. Social business visionaries take care of social issues as well as explore social boundaries to the networks (Light 123). They offer a wide scope of thoughts to the individuals living in a specific culture so as to deal with their social issues. â€Å"Social Entrepreneurs Identify and Solve Problems on a Large Scale† (Coggins). Social business people invest in alter the course of the general public and need to actualize their vision basically for the advancement of the general public. â€Å"Social business people look to achieve long haul social effects† (Cuizon). A portion of the center exercises of a social business person incorporate making and supporting social qualities, helping the people discover answer for their issues, constantly seeking after learning and advancement, and finding a way to handle signifi cant social issues even with constrained assets. Social business people can be characterized by two components, which remember vital concentration for social effect and an imaginative methodology towards the mission (Nicholls). Handling with the issue of high school pregnancies is a genuine case of social business. It is on the grounds that young pregnancies is a basic social issue nowadays which should be dealt with by the individuals living in a specific culture as opposed to depending on the legislature to make impressive strides. Adolescent pregnancies bring various negative ramifications for the entire society as low enthusiasm for relationships, unforeseen weakness of infant kids, and less taught moms. The normal components of social business reflected in the case of high school pregnancies incorporate propelling the social crucial give safe sex training to the youngsters, applying inventive procedure towards the strategic, taking significant measures for propelling the social

This entry has a surprise ending

This entry has a surprise ending DID YOU KNOW? About 25% of my blog posts are partially written while doing laundry. (The “Did You Know?” opener is a throwback to the olden days of MITblogs, circa 2006. Long before my time, Sam 07 would prelude each of his blog entries with a snappy yet life-changing piece of trivia like “Paula Abdul actually isnt African American” or “McDonalds in Hawaii sell Spam.” I, however, sorely lack his flair for distinguishing useless information from interesting useless information, so I usually opt to start my entries with some useless metaphor instead.) A few weeks past, I observed that my calendar looked like it was about to suffer an aneurysm. Little denouement did I provide, so let me resolve it now: after finishing the last of four exams on Monday, I had a pleasant four-hour lapse into the depths of meditative relaxation, AKA, I ate some fruit and read Wikipedia. Later that evening, I checked my Linear Algebra grade online: Exam 1: 52.5%. I may have choked. Turn on the slow-motion cameras, and observe the brain-chilling shock in all its bizarre detail: In the beginning, there was numbness, trailed moments later by slightly grayer shades of numbness. I considered having a stroke and then decided against it, mostly because I needed to go to class the next day. Emotionally, the discovery that you have failed a test is the equivalent of eating a burrito smothered in wasabi and filled with crushed glass: confusing, painful, wildly disorienting, and refreshing in an absurd way. Now, back to normal playback: I swallowed it and moved on, eventually. I knew I understood the material, so the situation was far short of alarming. The logical conclusion was that the test somehow misrepresented my abilities in a grossly disastrous manner, by which I mean that I had probably forgotten how to add properly. Over the course of a long and ponderous night, revelations tiptoed through my streams of thought: the brutal, knife-sharp truth is that failure at MIT happens more often than some people do laundry. Best to get it over with, soak up the life lessons, and hope for a brighter future. At least I was in good company. The next morning, I felt oddly sympathetic to the enduring spirit of the Institute, as if I were suddenly engulfed in the camaraderie of endless generations of students who had been betrayed by simple arithmetic errors in their moments of greatest need. Everywhere I looked, I glimpsed the honest hallmarks of a community that was deeply, wonderfully tolerant of failure- one might even say fundamentally rooted in the acceptance of failure. There were open office hours throughout the day, tutoring sessions far into the night. Counselors. Advisors. Study breaks. Student support services. Stress-prevention pamphlets. Upperclassmen who had no doubt lived through worse. Free hand sanitizer. There it was, glaring me in the face, the luminescent fact that MIT wants you to succeed and will extend to you as many ropes as you need to pull yourself away from your mistakes and weaknesses. All you need to do is reach out. So I did. I went to extra recitation hours the next day. My back-up plan was to compose an elegant but slightly insane letter to the head of the math department demonstrating my ability to perform Gaussian Elimination on matrices. After recitation, I approached the instructor with cautious intent to eviscerate the gory inner consequences of my abysmally low test grade. I hovered. And hovered. And waited, hovering. And then, with the nonchalant grace of someone who unknowingly steps on a match and prevents a forest fire, she mentioned that the test score was out of 60. Pause. Repeat: I got a 52.5 out of 60, not 100. Which, most likely, was an A. I think this calls for additional punctuation marks!!! In retrospect, at least I built character. Now please excuse me while I check my blood pressure. Addendum: Topping my list of preferred study spots on campus is the Physics Undergraduate lounge, which, unfortunately, is accessible only to Physics undergrads and people like myself who accidentally overheard the password. Reason: Couches. I once sat down at 5:30 pm to start an 8.022 (Electricity and Magnetism) problem set and forgot to go home until 10 pm, thanks to the couches. The caffeinated murmurs of jaded upperclassmen scrambling to finish their quantum problem sets also provided for soothing waves of ambient noise during the night hours. Should anyone be interested, the textbook for 8.022 is Purcells Volume II of the Berkeley Physics Course, a borrowed copy of which I am reading right now as I type this. Be warned: its liberally salted with formulas and skimps on the meat of satisfying explanations, sort of like canned soup but easier to open. I do, however, like the spots where Purcell is like, “Oops, I forgot that Im writing an introductory-level text and now Im going to spew random theoretical physics all over the page.” Theres literally a section on Page 6 where hes like, “Charges can be positive or negative. By the way, I think quarks exist!” Also, theres a window in case the existence of outside has fled your memory. Im going to stop writing now so you guys can get back to thinking about regular action decisions. A final word: In the inexorable yet mysterious course of a human life, its not whether you get in or not that truly matters; the important thing is that you dont go to Caltech.

Leadership Development Strategy And Succession Plan

Leadership development is the key to success in the United States Army as it continues to operate in a rapidly changing and increasingly complex environment. After more than a decade of continuous combat deployments, leadership development lost its significance and became a low priority within most units army-wide. Over time, it resulted in a cultural effect that operational mission requirements take priority over leader development. The intent of this paper is to examine the existing leader development strategy and succession plan for the Army of 2013. This paper will also reflect on some impending challenges for the leader development strategy and present some recommendations using the Kouzes and Posner five-point model to trounce the challenges. The Army Leader Development Plan has seven guiding principles established to develop leaders with certain qualities and enduring characteristics. These guiding principles begin upon initial entry training into the army and remain constant through retirement or until separation. The following guiding principles encompass the Army Leader Development Strategy (2013): †¢ Commitment to the Army Profession, lifelong learning, and development †¢ Select and develop leaders with positive leader attributes and proficiency in core leadership competencies for responsibility at higher levels †¢ Prepare adaptive and creative leaders capable of operating within the complexity of the entire range of military operations †¢ Manage military andShow MoreRelatedEffective Organizational Support For Professional Advancement1279 Words   |  6 Pagesorganizational commitment to succession planning creates an opportunistic culture encouraging professional development and increasing opportunities for high-potential employees (Bolton Roy, 2004; Rothwell, 2010; Swan Moye, 2009). Transparent organizational support for professional advancement has the potential to boost morale and improve nursing retention (Coonan, 2005). Succession planning efforts at the nurse manager level provide staff nurses an opportunity to explore formal leadership roles, which inRead MoreSuccession Planning Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesSuccession planning is a standardized approach to an organization success in building a powerful leadership and a talented group of employees to ensure superior leadership continuation. It is essential that ABC Aircraft propose a succession plan in order to continue business beyond the next gen eration of leaders. 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On behalf of the leadership team, it is my pleasure to introduce our newly branded firm, previously Target Search Selection, and highlight a few of the driving forces behind us being compelling advisors to competitive organisations. ‘Competitive’ doesn’t only equate to large and enterprise businesses, we pay special attention to niche and smaller business equally motivated to disrupt. Talent Management now has a proverbial seat at the boardroom table; Leadership bench strength - or theRead MoreSuccession Management: Trends and Current Practice1177 Words   |  5 PagesBACHELOR OF COMMERCE ORGANISATION DEVELOPMENT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH TOPIC Succession Management: Trends and current practice Name: Looi Jun Kiat Student Number: 31654205 Lecturer: Mr Frankie Yee Declaration: Except where I have indicated, the work I am submitting in this assignment is my own work and has not been submitted for assessment in another course. Looi Jun Kiat Introduction Succession management ensures a company’s survivability when key appointment holdersRead MoreAssignment 4: Southern Company Case Study Essay1647 Words   |  7 PagesCompany brands are known for excellent customer service, high reliability and retail electric prices that are below the national average. Historically, Southern Company hired at the entry level and promoted individuals internally to fill leadership positions. The company typically had a very low turnover rate which resulted in an older and more tenured workforce. Over the years, Southern Company developed a group of leaders that possessed a profound level of business knowledge and alignedRead MoreCase Study : On The Retention And Development Of Their Employees1516 Words   |  7 PagesChern’s: Assessing Internal Candidates Chern’s talent philosophy is focused on the retention and development of their employees. They are the primary source for their associate department managers and department managers is their sales associate position, with 75 percent of their promotion coming from this source. In a review of the turnover data, the leadership team learned that they are losing a large number of good sales associates. The executives learned that a disproportionate number of goodRead MoreThe Challenges Of The World War II1502 Words   |  7 Pages1946 and 1964 are called the Baby Boomers generation (Dohm 17). This generation, now on the verge of retirement with exit plans from the working economy, is poised to leave a large knowledge and experience gap. The World War II was a defining chapter in the world’s history (Ball and Gotsill 1). Furthermore, the record numbers of births after the war and the rapid developments in technology and medical advances have led to a prolonged life expectancy. Unfortunately, this has also led to a severeRead MorePlanning Of Succession Planning And Its Impact On Organizational Performance1412 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper gives new research data and an approach to succession planning. It will add value to senior HR professionals and executive teams in organizations who are concerned about effective succession planning and talent management which will be an added advantage to the companies. Purpose: Introduction: The present study is conducted to measure the practice of Succession Planning and its impact on Organizational Performance in IT companies based in Bangalore. This city was once known for its lushRead MoreCultural Leadership Strategies1043 Words   |  5 PagesStrategies and applications of the dynamic cultural leadership models and the omnibus leadership model Introduction With the rapid changes in a health care system around the world, healthcare organizations need to develop strategies that will help the organization to sustain with any difficulties that may arise. Healthcare systems expand their cultural leadership strategies in order to gain a thorough understanding of situations (Johnson, 2009) that will effectively improve their operations

Academic Ethical Dilemma Learning Enhancement Through...

Academic Ethical Dilemma: Learning Enhancement Through Chemistry There is a trend occurring in the academic world that is gaining in popularity and has many in the academic world worried. This trend is the increase use of drugs to enhance the brains ability to not only work harder, longer and faster but also to retain that knowledge. Doping is no longer the exclusive realm of sports professionals (Block,2003). Not only does this create opportunities for todays students to excel but it also creates some major ethical issues to be addressed. There are two popular drugs that are reported to be at the forefront of this trend: Ritalin, which is used to control hyperactivity in children and Modafinil, which is used to treat†¦show more content†¦Then of course we have the legal issues. Many of the drugs are being bought and not prescribed. Selling prescription drugs is a crime and could have some serious ramifications for both the buyer and the seller. Continued research is needed in the use of these types of drugs in the normal person. It cannot be left up to the pharmaceutical companies to make this decision, as the financial windfall that will occur when these drugs are made available will be considerable. The FDA must step in and help determine whether the benefits outweigh the risks associated with this type of drug intervention for brain boosting/enhancement. There also needs to continue to be ethical discussions and challenges concerning the right and wrong of the use and/or abuse of this method of achieving academic success. It is suggested that if this trend continues without any decisions on if it is to be allowed, that schools might have to resort to having the students dope tested prior to handing in their exam papers to ensure that the results were due to hard work and not drugs (Laurance, 2003). Although there appears to be an increasing trend in the use of drugs for this purpose it also appears that this is becoming so widespread that we are turning a blind-eye to the potential negative implications that might result. Where or when will this dilemma end? Chances are, unless immediate action is taken, the use of these drugsShow MoreRelatedMerck Case18783 Words   |  76 PagesPharmaceuticals: Merck Sustaining Long-term Advantage Through Information Technology Hiroshi Amari Working Paper No. 161 Working Paper Series Center on Japanese Economy and Business Columbia Business School December 1998 Columbia-Yale Project: Use of Software to Achieve Competitive Advantage PHARMACEUTICALS: MERCK Sustaining Long-term Advantage Through Information Technology Prepared by Hiroshi Amari Research Associate, Yale University William V. Rapp and Hugh T. Patrick Co-principalRead MoreOperations Management25115 Words   |  101 Pageseasy) 19. Measuring the impact of a capital acquisition on productivity is an example of multi-factor productivity. False (The productivity challenge, moderate) 20. Ethical and social dilemmas arise because stakeholders of a business have conflicting perspectives. True (Ethics and social responsibility, easy) {AACSB: Ethical Reasoning} MULTIPLE CHOICE 21. At Hard Rock Cafà ©, tasks that reflect operations or operations management include a. designing meals b. testing meals (recipes) c. analyzingRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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The book engages in an imaginative way with a wealth of organizational concepts and theories as well as provides insightful examples from the practical world of organizations. The authors’ sound scholarship and transparent style of writing set theRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSelf-Evaluation Scale (CSES) 56 SKILL LEARNING 57 Key Dimensions of Self-Awareness 57 The En igma of Self-Awareness 58 The Sensitive Line 58 Understanding and Appreciating Individual Differences Important Areas of Self-Awareness 61 Emotional Intelligence 62 Values 65 Ethical Decision Making and Values 72 Cognitive Style 74 Attitudes Toward Change 76 Core Self-Evaluation 79 SKILL ANALYSIS 84 Cases Involving Self-Awareness 84 Communist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 ExercisesRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management View.Pdf Uploaded Successfully133347 Words   |  534 PagesRESOURCE INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS ...6 INVESTMENTS IN TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ..... 14 INVESTMENT PRACTICES FOR IMPROVED RETENTION ............................................................ 32 INVESTMENTS IN JOB-SECURE WORKFORCES .......... 42 ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES ............................................................. 56 NONTRADITIONAL INVESTMENT APPROACHES ......... 58 SUMMARY............................................... ................ 67 NOTES...............Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesââ€"  PAGE NUMBER IN THE BOOK 605 608 619 625 629 652 662 667 677 685 694 708 712 718 727 733 740 746 CASE Ministry of Sound – rapid growth but a questionable future in the music industry. 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Fireweed †Trip to Wales! Free Essays

I am called Bill and I live with my auntie and father in London. My mother is dead and my father always said I was never to be sent away as an evacuee. When my father was called up for active service in the army I was left with my auntie. We will write a custom essay sample on Fireweed – Trip to Wales! or any similar topic only for you Order Now We wrote numerous letters to my father but he never replied to any of them. My auntie started to moan and groan about not being able to manage me. So, she decided to send me of as an evacuee, even though it was against my father’s wishes. Auntie wrote to my father and said that I was being sent to another part of the country as an evacuee (not explaining why she sent me). I didn’t even know where I was going, all alone without any money at all, not even a penny for a stamp to write to my father. The station was jam packed with children of all ages. Everyone had a bag, enclosed was a change of clothes and a label attached with an address written in capital letters to make it stand out. Two trains passed before, ours finally arrived. I was stuck in a carriage with mostly girls in uniform. Opposite me sat a great fat woman dressed all in blue, hairy tweed. As the journey progressed we passed station after station, nobody knew where we where going. Until finally the train stopped and everyone disembarked. Darkness was falling and after waiting half an hour another train came and our carriage was joined on the back. By now it was pitch black. Eventually we reached our destination, which turned out to be Wales. Once of loaded everyone was counted and put with a billeting officer who would find us billets in which to stay. One by one each child was chosen and I was last to go. The man took me up a pathway and by this stage I was feeling a tiny bit unwanted, neglected, and rather orphaned. He spoke in welsh to the people and after some persuasion they took me in. I stepped inside into a big farm kitchen where a great log fire was blazing like a forest rapidly burning down. The heat was inconceivable. Served on the tabletop there was bread, cheese and also a cold roast chicken. My stomach felt empty I was famished and the sight of food made the rumbling noises even worse. They asked my age and I replied fifteen. At last I was offered something to eat and then shown to my bedroom. The couple I was staying with were called Mr and Mrs Williams living with them were two shepherds, David and Evan. They hardly spoke a word of English just enough to cope with telling me things. In this welsh valley there were two chapels, no church and no cottages only rows of terraced houses. It was rather poor at that. I spent a lot of time on my bed reading an aged copy of the woman’s weekly, which Mrs Williams stored under the staircase. When the billeting officer came round to see how I was getting on with the Williams, they seemed quite content with me. Feeling rather bored, I finally plucked up the courage and asked if there was a school nearby which I could attend. In the village there was only a primary school that was for juvenile children, but Mrs Williams suggested the grammar school on the other side of the mountains. The only trouble was how would I get there? The only option would be to get the bus. Yet again a problem arose. The bus fair! I had no money. So out came pen and paper to write a letter to my auntie telling her about the grammar school and asking if she could write to father and ask him to send me money for the bus fare. I also asked for my father’s address. I posted the letter in the post office at the back of the village shop I waited for a reply but no letter came. An unusual thing happened one day, Mrs Williams approached me saying that she needed to check my hair for lice. Naturally enough I refused argued and ran out of the house until I came to a dip. I decided to jump but slipped and fell into heavy disinfectant that burnt my mouth and nose. I swallowed several mouthfuls. David and Evan who had been trying to catch me were in stitches of laughter. I was so angry I felt like a raging bull. When I gathered myself together I began to shake all over this made David and Evan very concerned. They took me back to the house and as I stood by the fire they stripped my wet clothes that were laden with disinfectant of me. Afterwards I went to bed. The following morning to my delight Mrs Jones informed me that there was post for me. My heart pounded like the footsteps of an elephant. In actual fact I received two letters! The first opened was from my auntie. Enclosed was my father’s address, a book of stamps and she hoped I would write to him often. The other letter, number two was from my father. He missed me a lot. My father had sent me three whole pounds! This was the biggest amount of money I had ever been given in my life. This overwhelmed me. My first thoughts were to calculate how many bus fares would this pay for. Then I got to thinking about Auntie and home and decided that I would use the money for my train fare back to London. Leaving Mr and Mrs Williams, David, Evan and the terraced houses behind I left for the station. The timetable showed only one train per day at the village. The man at the ticket desk stared at me as though he were looking right through me. When I saw him, I was frightened that he would recognise me so I put plan B into action. I walked to the crossroads. ‘Owestry =15 miles’. I looked down at my worn shoes; there was a station at Owestry. I bought a pair of boots so I could walk to Owestry as I had a funny feeling my old shoes wouldn’t make it. I set off not having the foggiest how long it would take me to walk there. I bought a brown bap from a bakery van, which I met outside the village. When I arrived in Owestry it was late afternoon. I found the station and waited for the train to leave. It left and hour and a half late. Once I reached London I caught the bus home. Suddenly it took a wrong turn! Then I was told that the street no longer stood. I got of the bus as quick as my legs could carry me. I walked to my auntie’s house and everything was grand until a warden stopped me asking where I was going. I was totally bewildered they wouldn’t even let me my own home. Nobody was there to look after me. My auntie was not there any more. I was going to stay put I decided at least until my father came home. I was determined about this. How to cite Fireweed – Trip to Wales!, Papers

Knowledge Management and Leadership System †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge Management and Leadership System. Answer: Introduction Strategic Management forms an integral part of any organization and it goes a long way in helping a firm to determine its path to future success. The given essay will be discussing various strategic management tools like PESTLE, SWOT and Michael Porters five forces in relation to the education industry worldwide. The company chosen specifically for the purpose of this essay is the Princeton University. The Princeton University is a private Ivy League Research University with research facilities. The university offers online courses as well. The university offers various graduates, bachelors and associates degree. The SWOT Analysis can be described as a comprehensive analysis which looks out for the Strength, weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats of a business within a particular industry. The primary purpose of conducting a SWOT Analysis is to help in understanding the business status from a different angle which shall be helpful in the planning process of the given organization. SWOT Analysis is industry specific and helps in bringing the organization to the right path. The strength may be described as the components which are internal to an organization within a given industry (Ginter, Duncan and Swayne 2018). A business may have certain strengths which can be altered but may require effort from the side of the firm. For instance, strength of Princeton University, within the education industry is be that the particular entity has been in existence for a long period of time since 1991 and has over 84000 students. A weakness may be described as a component which may restrain the firm from achieving its goals. For instance, a weakness may be that the University may have inadequate facilities or infrastructure which is necessary to possess for the online education impartment along with physical classes. The opportunities are factors lying in the external part of the organization which means that these factors are usually not in the hands of the given organization but have the ability to impact it. An opportunity can be described as that factor present in the organization which may have the ability to prove as an advantage for the business if used. For instance, an opportunity for Princeton University may be the rise of e-learning which can help the given school to reach out to a wider crowd base. The same goes for threat, which is a factor present in the external environment of the firm and has the power to disrupt its activities (Grant 2016). A threat may be the rise in the competition amongst the various members of the Education Industry may not be good for Princeton. Pestle analysis of Princeton University In order to understand the different factors which are present in the business environment, it is important to understand what the given factors represent and how they can be used in the effective functioning of any business organization (Bull et al. 2016). The given factors which form a major part of the PESTLE analysis are Political, Economical, Technological, Socio-Cultural Legal and environmental factors. Not only does the identification of these factors assist in error recognition, but they also help in filling up the performance gap that exists in an organization. Particular Meaning Princeton University (Education Industry) Political The Political Factor in a PESTLE Analysis refers to the degree of the intervention of a government in a particular economy (Darmawan, Putra and Wiguna 2014). The government has the power to set pricing, inflation rate determination, interest rates and other relevant aspects in an organization which can help determine the functioning of any business. The foreign policy determined by the government along with various regulations help in determination of operations. The Princeton University has to abide by the educational laws of the country where the course is being imparted. It also has to consider the education ministry of the government and the rules regarding the degree which is required to be imparted. Economical The economical actors refer to the exchange rate, interest rate, unemployment rate and other relevant economic indicators. The various economic factors tend to have a great impact on the functioning of the business. The cost of import and export is also determined by the economic factors that are present. The Princeton University needs to form its courses and set up the fees structure depending upon the requirements of the current economy. If it is catering to a rich economy, the courses can be priced high else not. Social The social factors that exist in an organization comprise of various factors like the cultural and demographic factors relevant in an organization (Eden and Ackermann 2013). The various factors like career attributes, population tend to determine the understanding of the marketers and their future needs For Princeton University, the course subjects and the method of teaching with reference to the tutors used in the videos and in the classes would have to be based on the culture of the target audience and their language capabilities. Legal The legal factors comprise of factors like the legislative rules and laws which are present and affect the compliance objective of any business organization (Morschett, Schramm-Klein and Zentes 2015) For instance, for Princeton University, in the education industries there may be present various legal factors which may have an impact on the working of the organization. The laws stated by the government may restrict the educational schools and colleges to limit the number of intakes and to determine the degree as well (Merat and Bo 2013). Technological The technological factors consist of the rate of adaptation of the various technological updates in an organization. Various technological factors in the environment are Research and Development activity, automation and innovation. Princeton University is already involved an online based educational institution, it would need to keep updating its offerings and might try and introduces a concept like that of an interactive session which may give rise to a sustainable advantage. Furthermore, advanced learning in the classrooms may also help. Environment Lastly, the environmental factors comprise of the various factors like the renewable energy, use of other resources and services which may have a harmful impact on the organization and on the sustainability of the business. Princeton University would require ensuring that its practices are not unethical and follows the internet safety policies stated to avoid harm to any parties (Frynas and Mellahi 2015). Porters Five Forces Model of Princeton University Michael Porter had developed a five forces model to identify and deal with the external factors that are present in the external environment of the given business and tend to change the dynamics of the firm. The five forces that have been described in the Porter`s Model are the bargaining power of the buyers and suppliers, threat of substitute, threat of new competitors entering the industry and the industry rivalry (Johnson 2016). The Porter`s five forces model are generally considered to be relevant as the factors being discussed tend to have an impact on the profitability of the firms. Particular Meaning Princeton University Buyer's behavior The bargaining power of the buyers tends to determine the price of the products that should be set by the firm in order to determine the leader position in the given market (Martinsuo 2013). With respect to the education industry, especially related to Princeton University, the bargaining power of the buyers will be extremely high as they are exposed to a wide variety of choices with respect to the universities and colleges that they will be applying to (Kalkan and Bozkurt 2013). Hence, a knowledge of thus by the given colleges and universities would go a long way in determining the strategies of the different colleges like that of Princeton university within the industry. Suppliers power In case of the bargaining power of the suppliers, the suppliers in the education industry are the staff, teachers, the sponsors and other parties involved in management of the colleges, schools and universities. The bargaining power of the suppliers is not very high for a company like Princeton University, as the number of suppliers in the given industry is very few as compared to the number of buyers. Hence, due to this their requirement is not that high and they need to agree to whatever policies set by the given firm. Rivalry in the business The degree of competition determines price wars and loss of the customers. There are various universities and colleges present like the Princeton University, Liverpool, Manchester and Harvard which want the best crowd. The threat of new substitutes. The threat of new substitute can be described as the fear of the replacement of the product being offered by the producer. The threat of substitutes is moderate in the educational industry and has recently risen because of the development of the concept of electronic learning and distance learning which has opened the doors for a company like Princeton University. The threat of new entrants The threat of entrants into the given industry is very moderate. Although the given educational industry is a very attractive one, there are various legislations which need to be abided by while entering into the given industry (Lasserre 2017) Princeton University needs to abide by various laws which provide it easy operations. Conclusion Therefore, from the given analysis of the various strategic management tools in relation to the Princeton University, it can be stated that the company, has been performing rather well but there are a few factors in the external market which have an impact on it like the presence of competitors and the rising power of buyers. Furthermore, the evolving technological landscape along with a rise in the number of legislative laws, proper strategies need to be formulated for the wellbeing of the company in education industry in the long run. References Bull, J.W., Jobstvogt, N., Bhnke-Henrichs, A., Mascarenhas, A., Sitas, N., Baulcomb, C., Lambini, C.K., Rawlins, M., Baral, H., Zhringer, J. and Carter-Silk, E., 2016. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats: A SWOT analysis of the ecosystem services framework.Ecosystem services,17, pp.99-111. Darmawan, M.A., Putra, M.P.I.F. and Wiguna, B., 2014. Value chain analysis for green productivity improvement in the natural rubber supply chain: a case study.Journal of Cleaner Production,85, pp.201-211. Eden, C. and Ackermann, F., 2013.Making strategy: The journey of strategic management. Sage. Frynas, J.G. and Mellahi, K., 2015.Global strategic management. Oxford University Press, USA. Gereffi, G. and Fernandez-Stark, K., 2016. Global value chain analysis: a primer. Ginter, P.M., Duncan, J. and Swayne, L.E., 2018.The Strategic Management of Healthcare Organizations. John Wiley Sons. Grant, R.M., 2016.Contemporary strategy analysis: Text and cases edition. John Wiley Sons. Johnson, G., 2016.Exploring strategy: text and cases. Pearson Education. Kalkan, A. and Bozkurt, .., 2013. The choice and use of strategic planning tools and techniques in Turkish SMEs according to attitudes of executives.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,99, pp.1016-1025. Lasserre, P., 2017.Global strategic management. Palgrave. Martinsuo, M., 2013. Project portfolio management in practice and in context.International Journal of Project Management,31(6), pp.794-803. Merat, A. and Bo, D., 2013. Strategic analysis of knowledge firms: The links between knowledge management and leadership.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(1), pp.3-15. Morschett, D., Schramm-Klein, H. and Zentes, J., 2015.Strategic international management(pp. 978-3658078836). Springer.

Offshore Outsourcing

Introduction Corporations exist to make profits. One way of increasing profits is by reducing operating costs. Corporations in America have focused on reducing costs by way of offshore outsourcing. Offshore outsourcing involves hiring of companies and individuals outside America to complete tasks set by American corporations with the aim of cutting down on such costs like hourly wages, paid leave and holiday allowances.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Offshore Outsourcing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Offshore outsourcing has proved to be an effective way of cutting down on operating costs. However, offshore outsourcing has attracted proponents and opponents in equal measure. This essay seeks to explain the concept of offshore sourcing, reasons advanced to oppose offshore outsourcing and reasons for offshore outsourcing. A personal opinion will complete this essay. Offshore Outsourcing Offshore outsourcing ref ers to the process of hiring companies or employees to execute a company’s roles overseas (Wise Geek). For instance, a manufacturing company based in the United States of America may use employees outside America to handle issues relating to customer relations and technical assistance. Data entry is the most popular job outsourced overseas. The internet plays a critical role in the whole process of offshore outsourcing because it allows companies to hire freelance individuals all over the world (Wise Geek). Such overseas companies and individuals charge lower rates than employees in the mother country of outsourcing company do. There are two broad categories of offshore outsourcing. The first category, Information Technology Outsourcing (ITO) refers to outsourcing of a corporation’s information technology related jobs like software development, ecommerce, networking, as well as web development and hosting (Rose India Technologies PVT. Ltd). The second category, Busines s Process Outsourcing (BPO), involves outsourcing of services related to customer services, financial accounting practices, logistics, assets management, security as well as procurement (Rose India Technologies PVT. Ltd). Other sectors like human resources, insurance, manufacturing are emerging as popular fields of offshore outsourcing. There are various reasons advanced for offshore outsourcing. Reasons for Offshore Outsourcing Corporations opt for offshore outsourcing because it is cheaper. Most developing countries have high unemployment rates among skilled labor force. Such individuals work for overseas company and charge lower rates than citizens in the parent company’ country (Outsourcing Offshore).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, such outsourced employees do not require such benefits like holidays, paid leave, travel allowances among others. This s aves cost for an outsourcing corporation. In 2003, the average cost of Indian and Chinese software developers was over ten times cheaper than the average wage of American software developers (Outsourcing Offshore). Corporations incur huge costs related to employees who work in a country where a corporation operates. Such costs include tedious paper work relating to employees, reporting to government as well as paying for statutory and retirement benefits of such employees. It is cheaper when corporations hire overseas firms to handle issues relating to employee benefits (Outsourcing Offshore). On the same issue of cost, corporations that opt for offshore outsourcing find it easy to downsize the number of employees and streamline operations. Offshore outsourcing provides flexible labor force. Such employees usually work for long hours as well as off-hours. Employees working in the home country take weekends off and that is when offshore outsourcing fits in to compliment for lost hour s resulting from such offs. As such, labor force is available at any given time and as required (Outsourcing Offshore). Smaller companies benefit from offshore outsourcing especially when they need to hire an employee when a new task comes up. In the home country, existing labor practices like advertising for a vacancy, interviews and signing of contracts must guide the process of hiring in-house staff. Offshore outsourcing is quick and avails an employee on time (Anderson). Outsourcing enables corporations tap into qualified individuals within the shortest time possible. This arises from the fact that outsourcing companies are experts in the field of hiring and have ideas on how to recruit immediately. As much as corporations try to do in-house training, they usually lack required expertise (Anderson). Corporations that engage outsourcing companies hire employees on short-term contracts regardless of the level of expertise. Some levels of expertise in the home country require long- term hiring for such individuals. As such, hiring such employees on short-term costs a corporation extra money (Outsourcing Offshore). Corporations spread risk through offshore outsourcing. In events where employees go on strike, operations in a hiring company remain on course since employees working outside a country continue working normally. In addition, reputational issues affecting a corporation at home rarely get to overseas employees (Anderson).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Offshore Outsourcing specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Offshore outsourcing enables corporations focus on their core competencies and thus enhances competitive advantage for such corporations. For instance, a financial institution may decide to focus on deposits and credits and outsource issues relating to procurement and customer relations from an overseas firm (Anderson). Offshore outsourcing has its demerits too. Reasons against O ffshore Outsourcing Unforeseen political crisis in foreign countries can lead to unprecedented disruptions to a corporation’s operations. In such times, government of the day may ban the activities of all foreign corporations and that would include those outsourced in such a country. It has happened in Cuba and South Africa and can happen in any foreign country (Outsourcing Offshore). This leads to financial losses to a corporation. Foreign workers usually suffer verbal abuse through customers who exhibit racist tendencies. This happens especially where a corporation hires call center services from a foreign country and such employees communicate in accents that customers find offending (Outsourcing Offshore). An outsourced company may decide to direct all foreign employees to a new entrant to the market requiring the same type of employees. This leaves a corporation in a difficult situation since operations in foreign countries discontinue without notice (Anderson). In addit ion, services and products in foreign countries may suffer boycott especially if a hiring corporation laid down workers to hire outside firms. It is risky for a corporation to outsource since the process involves sharing of critical information of a corporation with a third party (Outsourcing Offshore). In addition, a hiring corporation finds it difficult to enforce contracts and issues such a breach of contracts in foreign countries (Outsourcing Offshore). Conclusion There are various advantages as well as disadvantages accruing from offshore outsourcing. The advantages to corporations are way above the number of disadvantages. Advantages range from drop in cost of doing business, flexibility of workforce, spreading of risks as well as easy hiring of employees. With this in mind, the United States government should regulate offshore outsourcing and seek to work with foreign countries to come up with enforceable regulations pertaining to offshore outsourcing. With regulations in pla ce, corporations will maximize profits and this will grant the government more revenues.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Anderson, Arnold. Outsourcing. 2013. Web. Outsourcing Offshore. What is Offshore Outsourcing and what’s the idea behind it? 2013. Web. Rose India Technologies PVT. Ltd. Types of Outsourcing,Types of Outsourced Services,Offshore Outsourcing and Its Type. 2013. Web. Wise Geek. What is Offshore Outsourcing? 2013. Web. This essay on Offshore Outsourcing was written and submitted by user Braeden Espinoza to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Of Mice and Men Essay on Film Adaptation Essay Example

Of Mice and Men Essay on Film Adaptation Essay Example Of Mice and Men Essay on Film Adaptation Paper Of Mice and Men Essay on Film Adaptation Paper Gary Sells made the movie with the same message as John Steinbeck; he does not change any of morals that are shown in the book. However, Gary Since did change some stuff, such as the building of the start and the end, In the beginning of the movie you see George and Leonie In weed running away, the railroad, the chase with the cowboys, dogs and horses and a lady Is running too. But In the book, George and Leonie Is already by the pool. I think the way Gary Sells did It Is better, because it starts off more dramatic and It gets the viewers more captivated, even from the beginning. Also in the ending you see a flashback right after George shoots Leonie and there are no characters involved. There are other small irrelevant scenes that are different as well. For example the scene where everybody is in town and Leonie enters Crooks room. In this scene Candy is not there, nor is Curler. Not only are the scenes differed from the book. A good example would be Slim. In the book he is represented as a divine character, while in the movie he is less heroic. Also the sense of emotions is different between the book and the movie. We see in the movie, when Curlers wife is dead, Candid anger towards her is very intense. Also is the relationship between George and Curlers wife different. In the movie, George seems to be cruel and careless towards her, whereas in the book, e seems to be at least a bit infatuated with her. These small changes makes the movie more unexpected than if everything was completely after the book. One of the big scenes Is the killing of Candys dog. There are many saltcellars such as the dialogs. But small details are different though, such as In the beginning, Candy Is already lying on his bed, but In the movie he Is walking In the room. The scene In the movie where Carlson Is getting his gun Is very detailed compared to the description In the book. The whole episode Is a lot more detailed In the movie than It Is In the book. It Is more suspenseful and you get more captivated by It. Whereas In the book they come to a conclusion a lot faster and Its less Interesting. Such small details occur, but are not taken notice of, unless studied carefully. I en scene winner George snoots Lend Is also quite Dig. I en movie makes Tanat incident very dramatic and intense. While in the book, George Just pops out of the brush, and it starts from there with the exact same dialog as in the movie. But in the movie, Leonie could not find the place where they had to meet if anything went wrong. Unlike in the book, where he already is at the place. It is a lot more suspenseful in the movie than it is in the book. Although John Steinbeck did a good job describing the place, it is still better to see exactly how it is in the movie. And it is a lot like the description in the book, which is very good, because its a beautiful place! So, its definitely very powerful cinema, while remaining true to the spirit of the book. The shooting itself, in the movie, is very sudden, which makes it intense and shocking. In the book, George checks out where to hit Leonie exactly. And he hesitates once. After that there are no characters whatsoever. Only a flashback is shown

Compare lancasters 'characteristics' approach to consumer demand with Essay

Compare lancasters 'characteristics' approach to consumer demand with the standard neo-classical approach. What is lancaster's c - Essay Example Take any microeconomics book and one would be able to see a lot about consumer demand and supply, pricing strategy, branding and supply chain management in detail. These theories and strategies are (Lee & Keen, 2002, p- 7) mostly framed on various concepts which evolved throughout the time for centuries. The neoclassical economic theories are the most famous among them. They are used extensively in economics till date. Neoclassical theory basically explains the output of employment. According to it, the value of the product is determined by the time spend to create it and the labor cost involved. Consumers buy the product for their pleasure(utility). Every consumer purchases a product to make their life easier or pleasurable in one way or another (Clark, n.d.). The theory emphasizes, the people who work more, earn more and hence purchase more. Every business uses neoclassical theories mentioned in these books for creating value for their products and marketing them to a certain exten t. Over the years, many strategies like the prospect theory started to evolve in the place of the neoclassical theory. Lancaster's model of consumer demand which explores the characteristics of the goods is widely applicable to the modern day businesses where no major physical entity is involved. He argues a person buys the characteristics of the product not the real product. He simply states â€Å"goods are what are thought of as goods†. According to the theory, a consumer actually pays for some characteristic of the product like the nutrient content in the milk which will be useful to them. This paper compares the Lancaster theory with the neoclassical concepts and analyzes how the former one is more suitable to the modern day businesses. Lancaster’s Concept The "New Economic Theory of Consumer Behavior" redefined the way the economists look at business. According to the theory, every product is considered as a set of characteristics that are useful to the customer ( Wierenga). This model is multidimensional and helps in maximizing the profits of modern day businesses like cloud computing and software as a service where only the characteristics of the product are utilized by the customers. The Lancaster model is not as famous as the other economic theories. Only a very few scholars have tried to prove its benefits with empirical data. Ratchford has proved the model is applicable when a customer is given a choice to choose one particular product from various alternatives. Lancaster model opposes the traditional demand theory model emphasized widely by the neoclassical theory. The main advantage of this approach is it gives us a chance to explore the technological attributes of the product in a much better way (Marcin, 1992). According to the neoclassical theory, only goods concerned with the basic needs like food, shelter and entertainment are considered as commodities of high demand. They deal with customer choice with budget constraint as the m ain factor influencing the customer behavior. The customer will choose a product that is useful to them in maximum ways and still stays affordable. The Lancaster model on the other hand insists, the goods themselves are not purchased, but only their characteristics, which are in turn shaped by observing the customer b

Funding application for homeless people Coursework

Funding application for homeless people - Coursework Example Not having a permanent roof over their heads, which is a fundamental right of all citizens, goes hand in hand with other problems associated with lack of proper food and clothing. This then causes detrimental effects on their health. And, they are further disadvantaged by not having access to any guidance or information to improve their condition. Compared to other youth who live in families in houses, they are at a disadvantage by not being able to educate themselves for immediate as well as long term benefits and future prospects. It is a deep rut of despair and a vicious cycle of no hope to be in such circumstances. One only needs to look at those who do have homes to live in to see how much of a disadvantage these homeless youth have, not being able to leave normal lives like the rest of us. The health problems that inevitably afflict homeless people cannot be understated. "Homeless people are more likely to suffer injuries and medical problems from their lifestyle on the street, which includes poor nutrition, substance abuse, exposure to the severe elements of weather, and a higher exposure to violence." (http://www.ipedia.net/information/homeless) The youth and children are particularly vulnerable groups of people in this regard. Our projects aims to cater to these disadvantaged people by providing them with what they desperately need; to feed and clothe them; to protect them from the weather, getting involved in wrong types of activities; to protect them from being taken advantage of by criminals, gangs, drug traffickers, organ snatchers, pedophiles, prostitutes etc. Instead we will provide them with decent sheltering facilities, and provision of food to stave off hunger. And, we will help resolve their personal problems through the provision of counseling and information services, then relocate them to a safe permanent abode

A Study on Kolbs Learning Cycle (1984)

A Study on Kolbs Learning Cycle (1984) David A. Kolb with Roger Fry created this famous model out of four elements: concrete experience, observation and reflection, the formation of abstract concepts and testing in new situations. The principle of Kolbs learning cycle is that we all follow the following four stages of learning as we acquire knowledge, experience and skill. He represented these in the famous experiential learning circle that involves (1) concrete experience followed by (2) observation and experience followed by (3) forming abstract concepts followed by (4) testing in new situations. All this may happen in a flash, or over days, weeks or months, depending on the topic, and there may be a wheels within wheels process at the same time. Forms of Knowledge and the Learning Cycle The four quadrants of the cycle are associated with four different forms of knowledge, in Kolbs view. Each of these forms is paired with its diagonal opposite. Four kinds of knowledge located in Kolbs scheme Kolbs model therefore works on two levels a four-stage cycle: Concrete Experience (doing/having an experience) The Concrete Experience is the doing component which derives from the content and process of the programme through attending the workshops or, in the case of the on-line module, your reading of the on-line learning materials together with your actual experience of teaching in the classroom plus your other teaching duties and practices. It may also derive from own experience of being a student. Reflective Observation (reviewing/reflecting on the experience) The Reflective Observation element stems from your analysis and judgements of events and the discussion about the learning and teaching that you engage in with your mentor and colleagues. This might be termed common-sense reflection. For example this might be through your own self-reflections or evaluations after the event through keeping a log or journal. It may also include student feedback, peer observation of teaching (e.g. comments made by your mentor or colleague), moderation of assessments, external examiner comments, and discussions with your mentor. All of these can be brought together to give an overall reflection on your practice. Reflection in itself, though, is insufficient to promote learning and professional development. Abstract Conceptualisation (concluding/learning from the experience) In order to plan what we would do differently next time, we need in addition to our reflections on our experience to be informed by educational theory e.g. through readings of relevant literature on teaching and learning or by attending staff development or other activities. Reflection is therefore a middle ground that brings together theories and the analysis of past action. It allows us to come to conclusions about our practice Abstract Conceptualism. Active Experimentation (planning/trying out what you have learned) The conclusions we formed from our Abstract Conceptualisation stage then form the basis by which we can plan changes Active Experimentation. Active Experimentation then starts the cycle again when we implement those changes in our teaching practice to generate another concrete experience which is then followed by reflection and review to form conclusions about the effectiveness of those changes. Four-type definition of learning styles, (each representing the combination of two preferred styles, rather like a two-by-two matrix of the four-stage cycle styles, as illustrated below), for which Kolb used the terms: Diverging (CE/RO) Combination of Concrete Experience and Reflective Observation Feeling and Watching Like to gather information, good at brainstorming, interested in people, see different perspectives, prefer group work, open minded. Assimilating (AC/RO) Combination of Abstract Conceptualization and Reflective Observation Watching and Thinking Concise logical approach, ideas and concepts more important than people, prefer lectures, reading, time to think Converging (AC/AE) Combination of Abstract Conceptualization and Active Experimentation Doing and Thinking Solve practical problems; prefer technical tasks, like experimenting and simulation, less interested in interpersonal issues. Accommodating (CE/AE) Combination of Concrete Experience and Active Experimentation Doing and Feeling Hands on, attracted to new challenges and experiences, rely on others instead of doing own analysis, action oriented, set targets work hard in teams to achieve tasks. Kolbs learning styles matrix view Its often easier to see the construction of Kolbs learning styles in terms of a two-by-two matrix. The diagram also highlights Kolbs terminology for the four learning styles; diverging, assimilating, and converging, accommodating: Doing (Active Experimentation AE) Watching (Reflective Observation RO) Feeling (Concrete Experience CE) Accommodating (CE/AE) Diverging (CE/RO) Thinking (Abstract Conceptualization AC) Converging (AC/AE) Assimilating (AC/RO) Thus, for example, a person with a dominant learning style of doing rather than watching the task, and feeling rather than thinking about the experience, will have a learning style which combines and represents those processes, namely an Accommodating learning style, in Kolbs terminology. The Kolb Model and Subject Disciplines Broadly speaking, David Kolb suggests that practitioners of creative disciplines, such as the arts, are found in the Divergent quadrant. Pure scientists and mathematicians are in the Assimilative quadrant. Applied scientists and lawyers are in the Convergent quadrant. Professionals who have to operate more intuitively, such as teachers, are in the Accommodative quadrant.ÂÂ  There are also differences in the location of specialists within the more general disciplines This would suggest that different subject areas call for different learning styles, and raises the usual chicken and egg question as to whether the discipline promotes a particular learning style, or whether preferred learning style leads to adoption of a discipline, or of course, both. (All of the above assumes that there is some validity in this conceptualisation of learning styles.) Simply, people who have a clear learning style preference, for whatever reason, will tend to learn more effectively if learning is orientated according to their preference. My learning style is the converging and accommodating one. I think I have the ability to find solution to practical issues. I can solve problems and make decisions by finding solutions to questions and problems. I like challenges and carry out plans. I like experiment with new ideas and work with practical application. Studying is not just gaining greater knowledge and understanding of subjects but also more confidence, broader interests and more purpose in life. Well Im studying because I do have an objective in life which I want to achieve at any cost. It is very hard to study and to work at the same time which unfortunately I have to do, no choice! Kolb learning cycle is actually very effective way to study which just need to be followed. I like groups works, when discussing with other people I get different point of view for the topic discussed. One of the main problems I have is how to manage my study time. In fact I have two kinds of problems with time: finding enough of it and using it effectively. I do make plan about my time but its hard to stick to it, almost impossible. The only thing I need is to improve my time management skill and should take it serious now. Conclusion Kolbs learning cycle is a key model in current use relating to adult learning and development. Knowing your own and your teams learning style allows you to grow and develop more effectively, building skills and experience which allow you to meet your life goals. Thus the learning cycle can begin at any one of the four points and that it should really be approached as a continuous spiral. However the learning process depends on how the person is carrying out a particular action and then seeing the effect of the action in this situation.

Murdock and Talcott Parsons Views on Family

Murdock- George Peter Murdock  (1949) wanted to know if the family was not just cultural but universal (he claimed that it was universal). * Common residence * Economic co-operation * Adults including both sexes * At least two have socially approved sex * One or more children * Biological or adopted This he thought was the  universal minimum. Which adults had sexual relations depended on the  culture. He believed the nuclear family was the universal core of the world's large variety of kinship systems. From this a  family could be extended  vertically (with upper generations) or horizontally (with brothers and sisters of those with offspring).A criticism of Murdock was that to claim something is universal, it only needs one exception to falsify it. Kathleen Gough falsified Murdock’s theory with her study of the Nayar Women of India. Before reaching puberty, Nayar women in India were married to a man according to the Talikettukalydnam rite. This three days of actual o r mock defloration might be their last living contact. From then on, as â€Å"mother†, each woman would take up to 12 sandbanham husbands, who visited her one at a time at night. A man could have an unlimited number of wives.The woman kept her room in the house, and it was first come, first served to supper and bed, so a man too late would sleep on the verandah of the house. So women getting pregnant could have any one of up to 12 as the father. So one of them of equal sub-caste (social class) declared as the father (whether he was or not) and gave a present of cloth and/ | | Clearly women getting pregnant could have  any one of up to 12 as the father. So  one of them  of equal sub-caste declared as the father (whether he was or not) and gave  a present of cloth and/ or vegetables to the attending midwife.A frequent visitor might send luxuries at festivals. That was it. The men weremercenary warriors  and gave  no attention to raising children  or staying with t he woman. | Support for the women instead came from  brothers, sisters, and children of the sisters and daughters. The matrilineal family provided all her essentials. The  eldest male was leader of each kin group. So the women lived not in families, but in kinship groups (mothers, sisters and brothers), and she had her place for sexual activity with the men over which she had considerable personal cotrol.Descent was down the stable female line in terms of charting the source of children, given that any man could be the father. | The important point here is that:| * There was  no economic unit  regarding husbands and wives. * There was  no sharing of the residence  between husbands and wives. * Only the  women within their supporting kinship groups lived with children. * Any relationship affection from the man  was taboo  and resisted by the kinship group. | There are two possibilities here, then, regarding Murdock and his definition of the family. It is  too narr ow, or * It is  not universal. It is the  single parent family, especially female-headed, that is the  most direct criticism  of Murdock. Yet this is a minority, and the family may at least have begun as a two sex nuclear family and, furthermore, the nuclear family is preferred by him. The  nuclear family may simply function better as a family  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ but this is unproven. Nevertheless there are varieties of arrangements for raising children that  stretch Murdock's definition to breaking point. TALCOTT PARSONS-The pre-industrial society is pictured as one where people are divided into kinship groups called lineages each of which is held to be descended from a common ancestor. Another form of family in pre-industrial society is found in traditional peasant societies such as the Irish farming community studied by C. M. Arensberg and S. T. Kimball in their work Family and Community in Ireland. This traditional Irish family is a patriarchal extended family. It is also pa trilineal since property is passed from father to son. According to Talcott Parsons the isolated nuclear family is the typical form in modern industrial society.It is isolated from the extended family, and there is a breakdown of kinship. The development of the isolated nuclear family is, in his opinion, the product of a process of structural differentiation – the process by which social institutions become more and more specialized in the functions they perform. The isolated nuclear family is functionally necessary and contributes to the integration and harmony of the social and economic system as a whole. The family needs to be isolated because of its functional role in ascribing status. Status in industrial society as a whole is achieved and not ascribed.However, within the nuclear family status is ascribed rather than achieved, thus reversing the pattern that exists outside the family. What this means is that within the family the father has status as the father, whilst o utside the family his status might be very different. His achieved status economically does not affect his status as a father. However, if the family was extended then a conflict could arise. Another way of putting this is that the family ascribes particularistic values whilst society ascribes universalistic values.The conflict between the two sets of values is minimized by the isolation of the nuclear family. William Goode in World Revolution and the Family also argues that industrialization undermines the existence of the extended family. He claims this is because (a) movements of individuals between different regions; (b) higher levels of social mobility; (c) the erosion of the functions of the family, these being taken over by external organizations such as schools, businesses and the state; (d) the greater significance of achieved status undermining the value of status within the family and in kinship groups.According to Goode members of a family engage in role bargaining. What this means is that they will maintain kinship relationships if such relationships bring them rewards commensurate to their efforts to maintain them. In fact, developments in communication and transport make it feasible to maintain kinship relationships, but in practice modern industrial society means that individuals gain more by rejecting kinship relationships than by maintaining them.He supports this point by noting how extended family patterns are more frequent among members of the upper classes since for individuals in the family maintaining family connections can bring economic benefits. The main Functionalist theorists of the family are G P Murdock and Talcott Parsons. Murdock argued on the basis of his studies that the nuclear family was a universal social institution and that it existed universally because it fulfilled four basic functions for society : the sexual, reproductive, economic and education functions.Other non-Functionalist sociologists have argued, however, that the existence of the Nayar, the single matrifocal families common among Afr0 Caribbeans and increasingly common more generally and the small number of gay and lesbian families are suggest that the nuclear family is not in fact universal. The Functionalist perspective on the family has been further developed by Talcott Parsons whose theories focus heavily on nuclear, heterosexual families to the exclusion of other family forms.The main aspects of Parsons' theory as developed in the USA in the 1950s were as follows: 1. industrialisation led to the gradual replacement of extended families by nuclear families because industrialisation demands greater geographical and social mobility; 2. industrialisation leads also to processes of structural differentiation which implies that new more specialised social institutions such as factories, schools and hospitals develop to take over some of the functions previously performed by families; 3. his means therefore that the nuclear family loses s ome of its functions but it remains crucial in relation to the two functions which it does retain: the socialisation of the young and the stabilisation of adult personalities; 4. within nuclear families roles are allocated between husbands and wives in accordance with the assumed instrumental characteristics of males[ which makes them more suited to paid employment outside of the home] and the assumed expressive characteristics of females [which makes them more suited to childcare and domestic work. Ronald Fletcher also analyses the family from a Functionalist perspective but he denies that the modern nuclear family has lost functions to the extent suggested by Talcott Parsons. Thus Fletcher argues that even if the family is no longer a unit of production , it is a unit of consumption which can be appealed to by advertisers keen to sell a wide range of household appliances so as to maintain profits.Also parents do supplement school education by providing advice and help more effecti vely than in the past; greater understanding of diet and exercise may mean that the family can play a greater role in health maintenance; and also given the limitations of the Welfare State, the family, and especially women within the family may continue to play a major role in the care of elderly relatives some of whom may not wish to enter old peoples homes. The Community Care initiatives of Conservative Governments [1979-97] may have increased family responsibilities in this respect. * Marxism and The FamilyThe main elements of the Marxist approach to the analysis of the family may be listed as follows. 1. Whereas according to Functionalists the socialisation process as it operates within the family (and elsewhere)   is seen as encouraging conformity with desirable norms and values which contribute to overall social stability, according to Marxists the socialisation process in the family and elsewhere results in the transmission of a ruling class ideology whereby individuals ar e deceived into accepting the capitalist system and the dominance of the capitalist class more or less without question.Especially children are encouraged to accept parental authority more or less without question in the family which prepares them to accept authority more or less without question in the work place in later life. 2. The growth of the home centred privatised family encourages concentration on family concerns, relatively orthodox interests and relatively, moderate mainstream political views at the expense of wider   loyalty to ones work mates   and more active and radical engagement with political issues which thereby reduces the likelihood of meaningful political action to challenge the capitalist system. . Insofar as the family operates as a unit of consumption it can be targeted by advertisers to encourage the increasing purchase of goods and services upon which the continuing profitability of capitalist industries depends. 4. It has been argued by some Feminist s in criticism of Marxism that it concentrates excessively on    exploitation of the working class and not enough on the exploitation of women. 5. However Marxist Feminists do give more attention to the exploitation of women within the family.For example   the family produces labour at low cost to the capitalist system in that wives are not paid directly for bearing the children or for their upkeep. 6. Also wives also provide a range of services for their husbands at far less than their market value. If wives were paid fair wages for all of these services, employed husbands would also have to be paid much more which would reduce the profitability of capitalism. 7. Wives may also absorb the frustrations of their husbands which otherwise might be turned against the capitalist system.Marxists argue that it is the frustrations of working in the capitalist system which are the main, even if indirect cause of domestic violence. 8. Since many women see themselves as mainly housewives i f they are actually in paid employment and become unemployed they are often more prepared to return to their housewife role without criticism. According to Marxists they are a part of a Reserve Army of Labour which can be hired when demand for goods and services is high   and work is plentiful but dismissed relatively easily when economies fall into economic recession.The capitalist system is strengthened by this flexibility to hire and dismiss workers as economic circumstances change. * Structural  Functionalism, Marxism, â€Å"the† Family and Socialisation: An Exercise Let us use the following exercise to illustrate the differing approaches of Structural Functionalists and Marxists to the socialisation process as it operates in the family. [a] According to Structural Functionalists capitalism   is: democratic, economically efficient, unequal but fair and meritocratic.Because the capitalist system works well in the interests of all of its members there will limited con flict in society and a consensus that the capitalist system is working well and should be continued in the future. To promote the continuation of capitalism individuals will be socialised in the family and elsewhere to accept norms and values which will promote the continued existence of capitalism which , as stated is beneficial to all. b] According to Marxists capitalism   is   : dominated both economically   by the Bourgeoisie and at the expense of the exploited proletariat; grossly unequal as a result of which many members of the proletariat live a rotten existence with little chance to develop their potential; dominated politically by the Bourgeoisie whose political influence is hidden by the â€Å"sham institutions of a pretend democracy†.In such a situation you might expect the Proletariat to rise up in revolt but they do not do so partly because they are socialised to accept not a set of norms and values   which operates to their own advantage but a ruling cla ss ideology which is a set of ideas which prevents the proletariat from realising the causes of their exploitation and encourages them to accept the very capitalist system which is actually the source of their discontents. Assignment:   Complete the following table. [The sections marked ** are already â€Å"complete† although you might like to extend them further. Aspects of Family Socialisation| Implications for Individual and Society| For Talcott Parsons the key functions of the nuclear family are the socialisation of the young and the stabilisation of adult personalities. Children are socialised to accept the authority of the parents and to accept the key values and norms of their society. | For Functionalists this means that children begin to learn that legitimate authority should be accepted in school and workplace which will enhance learning capacity and economic efficiency.Marxists believe that when children are socialised to accept authority this can have adverse co nsequences for the individual in later life because†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ | The Functionalist Talcott Parsons argues that in the 1950s and 1960s the core values of US society are beliefs in meritocracy and individual achievement so that career progress is possible if sufficient efforts are made: this is the so-called â€Å"American Dream. † Children are socialised within the family to accept these values| For Functionalists such values are functional for the system [i. e. ontribute to the stability of the system] because†¦. For Marxists it is quite simply a myth that US society is organised on meritocratic principles but belief in the myth inhibits criticism of the system. Also preoccupation with one's own achievements detracts from consideration of the direction which society as a whole is taking. | The above point may be taken to imply that children will also be socialised to believe in the necessity of a competitive spirit and to measure their progress and even their happines s in terms of their income, wealth and possessions. For Functionalists such attitudes are beneficial because  Marxists are critical of such attitudes because| **  Children may be socialised to accept that family loyalties are more important than loyalties to other groups   i. e. they are socialised to believe that â€Å"blood is thicker than water† or that â€Å"charity begins at home. â€Å"| For Functionalists such values strengthen the family and help it to fulfil its functions. For Marxists family solidarity may weaken social class solidarity and /or dissuade children from consideration of wider issues related to the inequities of capitalism. According to Parsons traditional gender roles are appropriate because they are in accordance with the â€Å"instrumental† characteristics of men and   the â€Å"expressive† characteristics of females. Children are socialised in various ways to accept these traditional gender roles. Note that Feminist sociologi sts[ including Marxist Feminists} are especially critical of the Functionalist analysis of gender roles. | For Functionalists this is beneficial for the individuals concerned and for the society as a whole because†¦Marxists and Feminists are critical of the Functionalist approach to gender roles socialisation because†¦.. | Children may be socialised to accept the general political attitudes of their parents which are often [but not always] likely to involve some support for existing liberal democratic institutions, voting for one of the main political parties and a general absence of political radicalism| For Functionalists such political views are beneficial because†¦ Marxists are critical of such political attitudes because†¦ | **  The Family and the stabilisation of adult personalities. Functionalists argue that men and women can lead happy and fulfilling lives as a result of the deep personal relationships which are forged within families and, in addition,à ‚   family life helps to remove some of the tensions which arise out of work conditions and relationships. Marxists agree that family life can be happy and fulfilling but they emphasise that capitalism results in exploitation and alienation which are likely to create tensions within many families. Although in some cases family life can make capitalism bearable , only the ending of capitalism can result in human emancipation. |

Yeast Pre-Lab

Yeasts’ capability of undergoing ethanol fermentation, its ability to ferment other sugars and artificial sweeteners, and how lactase influences yeasts ability to use lactose as a food source Kristina Naydenova Father Michael Goetz Purpose Part A: To investigate whether yeast has the ability to ferment glucose to produce carbon dioxide gas and ethanol. Part B: To investigate whether yeast has the ability to ferment other sugars and artificial sweeteners and how lactase influences their ability to use lactose as a food source. QuestionPart A: Does yeast have the ability of undergoing ethanol fermentation? Part B: Does yeast have the ability to ferment other sugars and artificial sweeteners? Does lactase influence the ability of yeast to use lactose as a food source? Hypothesis Part A: If yeast produces carbon dioxide gas (the solution will turn cloudy due to carbon dioxide presence) and ethanol after fermenting glucose then it has the ability to undergo ethanol fermentation bec ause ethanol fermentations reactants consist of glucose and the products consist of carbon dioxide gas and ethanol.Part B: If yeast has the ability to ferment other sugars and artificial sweeteners then the products of the solution will consist of carbon dioxide gas and ethanol because the products of ethanol fermentation are carbon dioxide gas and ethanol. If lactase influences the ability of yeast to use lactose as a food source then the yeast will be able to use lactose to produce carbon dioxide gas and ethanol because the yeast will be capable of breaking down lactose into glucose and galactose. Materials * Safety goggles| * Lab apron| 4 flasks (100 mL) and 1 stopper| * Wax pencil (for making test tubes)| * Ruler| * 6 large beakers (400 mL)| * Thermometer| * Stopwatch| * 50 mL glucose suspension (10%)| * 50 mL yeast suspension (I package per 100 mL of water)| * Cotton batting| * Limewater| * Warm water (35  °C)| * 10 mL of each of the following solutions: glucose, sucrose, lac tose, and artificial sweetener (10%)| * 10 mL of a suspension of lactose (10%) with a pinch of lactase| * 10 mL of distilled water| * Graduated cylinder| * 6 test tubes (15 mL) with 1 hole rubber stoppers|Variables Procedure 1. The safety goggles and lab apron were put on. 2. Three flasks were labeled as â€Å"yeast and glucose,† â€Å"yeast,† and â€Å"glucose. † 3. 10 mL of glucose solution and 5 mL of yeast suspension were added to the â€Å"yeast and glucose† flask. 4. 10 mL of distilled water with 5 mL of yeast suspension to the â€Å"yeast and glucose† flask as a control. 5. 5 mL of distilled water with 10 mL of glucose solution were added to the â€Å"glucose† flask as a second control. 6. Cotton batting was placed in the mouth of the flasks to reduce air turbulence. . The cotton batting was removed carefully after 24 hours and the contents of each flask were smelled. A slight alcohol odour was detected. 8. Each flask was tested for t he presence of carbon dioxide.The invisible gas mixture was slowly poured into a flask that contains 25 mL of limewater. The limewater flask was stoppered and the contents were swirled to mix the limewater with the gas. Observations were recorded. The flask was rinsed. 25 mL of fresh limewater was added before testing the next gas sample. . A ruler was used to place graduation marks at 0. 5 cm intervals along the sides of the test tubes. 10. Six beakers of warm water (35  °C) were prepared. The beakers were two-thirds full of warm water. 11. The six test tubes were labeled as â€Å"glucose,† â€Å"sucrose,† â€Å"lactose free milk,† â€Å"artificial sweetener (Splenda),†lactose free milk and lactase,† and â€Å"distilled water†. 12. 10 mL of the appropriate solutions to each test tube were added. 13. 5 mL of yeast suspension to each test tube were added.The test tubes were filled. 14. The test tubes were scaled with one-hole stoppers after the mixtures are placed in the test tubes. 15. One test tube was held. The holes in the stopper were covered, and the test tube was inverted and placed into a beaker of warm water. The process was repeated for all six solutions, using a different beaker for each solution. 16. The amount of gas produced after 1, 5 and 10 minutes was recorded using the graduation marks on the test tubes. Observations Table 1.Before and after observations of yeast and glucose, yeast and glucose Solution| Before| After| Yeast and glucose| | | Yeast| | | Glucose | | | Table 2. The amount of gas produced by glucose, sucrose, lactose free milk, artificial sweetener, lactose free milk and lactase, and distilled water after 1, 5 and 10 minutes Solution| Time (1 minute)| Amount of gas| Time (5 minutes)| Amount of Gas| Time (10 minutes)| Amount of Gas| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |

Socrates s View On Plato s The And Aristophanes s The...

Elenchus, as a famous Socratic method for education, uses dialogue and questions to approach philosophical truths. The method is presented in both Plato’s the Euthyphro and Aristophanes’s the Clouds. However, Socrates’s personal image and characteristics, as well as the nature of his questioning differ a lot in these two works. While the Euthyphro presents a philosopher king guiding the less wise people in discovery of truths, Socrates in the Clouds has little interest in either exploring the ethical truth or helping others get out of â€Å"Plato’s cave†. Instead, he is portrayed as a sophist who corrupts people with mysterious and useless knowledge, ignores traditional Athenian education, and debilitates Athenian men. Compared to Plato’s focus on Socrates’s wisdom reflected in the dialogue, the Clouds is a distorted interpretation of Socrates’s elenchus. Rather than justifiably criticizing Socrates, Aristophanes depicts him fr om a common Athenian s perspective. It is this misunderstanding of the value of Socrates’s teaching by Athenian citizens that constitutes the failure of elenchus in both the Clouds and the Euthyphro. Socrates’s image in the two works differ firstly in his attitude towards knowledge and towards himself. A typical statement of Socrates, both in the Euthyphro and in other Plato’s works, is that he has no clear knowledge. He is different from the public because he knows that he does not know. Neither does he claim to teach or corrupt the young (Euthyphro, p.2Show MoreRelatedAristophanes Making Fun of Socrates in His Plays: An Analysis1039 Words   |  5 PagesSome of the earlier works by Plato called The Republic, in the piece there are conversations between characters Socrates and Glaucon, Aristophanes, Adeimantus where they try and explain ideas and views of justice and what a truly just man and/or just state would appear How we come to the decisions as human beings that would be for the greater good of a man and/or state. One conversation between the parties was that of how a truly just state would look like and Socrates answers by declaring thatRead MoreThe Trial of Socrates: an Analysis and Construction of Socrates Defense2369 Words   |  10 PagesThe Trial of Socrates: An Analysis and Construction of Socrates Defense Understanding the decisions made by the jurymen in Socrates trial will always be a mystery, but one can perceive why some would have voted the way that they did. Politically and historically Athens was a thriving place of innovation and philosophical advancements. Athens could very well be divided, morally on various aspects, one of them being which â€Å"political† affiliation Athenians related themselves with. Some choicesRead MoreSocrates : Not Guilty1610 Words   |  7 PagesSocrates: Not Guilty Intro (138) In 399 BC, when he was seventy years old, Socrates was called into court by three men: Meletus, a poet, Anytus, a politician, and Lycon, an orator. The specific charges were impiety (namely that he did not believe in the gods of Athens, and instead had introduced new gods), and corruption of the youth of the city. The account of Socrates’ trial is preserved in the Apology by Plato, a dialogue that ought not to be considered a verbatim report of Socrates’ defenseRead MoreSocrates Summary2196 Words   |  9 PagesAccusations made against Socrates:†¨corrupting of youth, allowing them to question authority not respecting traditional gods introducing new gods He was ugly so people thought he was evil Socrates Life: 469BC- 399BC Born: 469 B.C. Birthplace: Athens, Greece Died: 399 B.C. (execution by poison) Best Known As: The great Greek philosopher who drank hemlock Socrates is the ancient Greek thinker who laid the early foundations for Western philosophical thought. His Socratic Method involvedRead MoreSocrates and Properties Essay3228 Words   |  13 Pages Socrates and Properties By Characterizing himself –Socrates- as both ignorant and wise, he presents us with one of the most striking paradoxes. Like so many of the other philosophers, is provocative in that its apparent self-contradiction hides an important idea for us readers to discover. Though out this text Socrates ignorance results from his belief that he has no knowledge of moral idea, or moral properties, such as justice, virtue, piety, and beauty. He asserts that, if only he knew theRead MoreEducational Theory of Socrates4392 Words   |  18 Pagesinsight into the educational theories of Socrates. It is rather difficult to gain any information from first hand written accounts of Socrates work as he hardly ever took down notes and the only accounts that have stood the test of time are those that were documented by Plato, a student of Socrates. In actual fact most of what we know is from later people such as Aristophanes, Xenophen, Plato and Aristotle. These accounts are what have been formula ted into Socrates theories. This poses some questions